Download PDF Hardwired Behavior: What Neuroscience Reveals about MoralityBy Laurence Tancredi
Download PDF Hardwired Behavior: What Neuroscience Reveals about MoralityBy Laurence Tancredi
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Hardwired Behavior: What Neuroscience Reveals about MoralityBy Laurence Tancredi
Download PDF Hardwired Behavior: What Neuroscience Reveals about MoralityBy Laurence Tancredi
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In many areas of modern life rapid developments in science are overwhelming established norms. Brain biology, through DNA testing and advanced brain imaging techniques, has given medical scientists new insights into the functioning of the human mind. This erosion of long-standing beliefs has many implications for understanding and treating what society considers to be aberrant or immoral behavior. What medical science is indicating is that the focus of our emphasis on mental processes--particularly free will and intentionality--is shifting to recognition of the important role the physical brain plays on human thought and behavior. In Hardwired Behavior the author argues that social morality begins in the brain, for without the brain there would be no concept of morality. Individual responsibility, therefore, must be reconsidered in the light of biological brain processes. The question of whether new scientific findings destroy the relevance of free will, placing it in the context of biological forces that may operate outside the conscious control of the actor, is one of intense debate. Hardwired Behavior takes this question and moves it into the open by clearly detailing neuroscience discoveries and explaining how the ancient precepts of "morality" that have guided mankind throughout its history must now be seen through the new lens of brain biology.
- Sales Rank: #568680 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
- Published on: 2005-09-19
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x .91" w x 5.98" l, 1.05 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 240 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Publishers Weekly
Society's assumptions about free will and individual responsibility must be drastically revised in the light of scientific discoveries about the brain, argues this fascinating study. Drawing on a wealth of recent developments in neurobiology, genetics and brain imaging, Tancredi, a professor of psychiatry and a lawyer, examines new findings about the neurological structures and processes that underlie reasoning, emotions and decision-making. He applies these discoveries to such traditional moral concerns as violence, sexual infidelity, lying, gluttony and sloth, and even financial fraud and gambling. The striking results of this research, he notes, indicate that hormones, drugs, genetic abnormalities, injuries and traumatic experiences all have profound effects on brain structure and functioning, and hence on moral choices; indeed, some experiments imply that our actions are initiated by the unconscious brain before we are consciously aware of them, raising the possibility that our sense of moral agency is a retrospective "illusion." Tancredi supplements his rather dry exposition of the science with case studies from his clinical practice, including lengthy profiles of a sex-addicted patient and of a "biologically driven" serial killer, and closes by pondering the possibility and perils of a hypothetical Brave New World-style program of neurological intervention-complete with brain implants-to improve morality. Some will consider Tancredi's talk of the "empathetic" female brain and "systemizing" male brain and his chalking up of pedophilia to "an imbalance of the monoamine neurotransmitters" and homosexuality to "differences in neurohumeral activity during the prenatal phase" to be glibly reductionist, but many will find his well-researched overview of the new science of the brain a stimulating addition to the debate about human nature.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
From Booklist
Behind the bad moral choices that sent Martha Stewart to prison, Tancredi discerns abnormal functioning of the brain. Indeed, much of what traditional morality has condemned as greed, lust, or sin looks like impaired neurobiology to this psychiatrist-lawyer, who locates the foundations of an ethical conscience in healthy genetic coding and properly balanced mental chemistry. Real case studies allow readers to see the implications of revolutionary neurological research, illuminating the ways that both the nurturing parent and the rampaging psychopath respond to deep neural impulses. Traditional concepts such as free will and moral accountability do shrink when viewed from this scientific perspective, as Tancredi candidly acknowledges, even conceding the dark possibility of a future in which ambitious social engineers might implant programmable chips into the pliant brains of puppet citizens. But a neuroscience that can enhance rather than diminish our humanity comes into focus as Tancredi highlights research showing how fully the brain can reshape itself by replacing destructive addictions to drugs, sex, or gambling with constructive aspirations and genuine social empathy. The oldest moral concerns and the latest scientific investigations are fused here. Bryce Christensen
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved
Review
"No one writes as well about these topics as Laurence Tancredi-he is versed in history, philosophy and legal thought with a sophisticated background and understanding of the neurosciences. In this book Dr. Tancredi expertly guides the reader through the complex issues of free will and morality and what new insights are gained through discoveries in the science of the brain."
- Myrna Weissman, Professor of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University
"I've read Dr. Tancredi's manuscript carefully and found it fascinating. Dr. Tancredi's provocative and challenging thesis is explored lucidly and systematically. He weaves together clinical cases, research findings, and theory into a provocative and wholly original consideration of the entire notion of free-will and the biological bases of moral behavior. He explains how brain structure and function influence the processing and content of our thoughts and the actions that result, creating a highly original and readable syntheses. Dr. Tancredi is able to present complex and wide-ranging material in an accessible and comprehensible fashing, making for a truly fascinating tale."
-- Arthur J. Barsky, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Director of Psyhiatric Research, Brigham & Women's Hospital
"Joining together the forensic skills of a lawyer and a psychiatrist, Tancredi probes the neurological foundations of moral thought in this fascinating new work. If we are indeed 'hardwired' for morality, then we may someday have the power to rehabilitate even those who today seem to stand completely outside the pales of our moral community, such as the serial killer on death row whom Tancredi interviewed for the book. In a speculative and provocative last chapter, he shows that lawyers can imagine the future through 'law fiction,' just as scientists have done for so long through better established genre of science fiction."
-- Shelia Jasanoff, Pforzheimer Professor of Science and Techonology Studies, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard
"...a genuine contribution to increasing public understanding of neuroscience and moral behavior...In addition to providing content that is easy to read, the author makes his commitment to communication evident in early chapters of the book with simple illustrations of relevant neuroanatomy...a straightforward glossary of terms, and a lengthy but excellent notes section...the close alignment of neuroscientific findings about hardwired behavior with ethical and intelligent thinking that respects and honors personal and cultural values is vital. The concept of close alignment is one with which this reviewer agress wholeheartedly and one that should be embraced by all neuroscientists."
--Judy Illes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Nature Neuroscience
"The book's strength lies in its accessibility: the author clearly descibes neural systems that contribute to moral behavior, and then relates those systems to illustrative clinical cases. The writing style and topics are at exactly the right level to excite and fascinate undergraduates, especially those from a non-neuroscience background. Highly recommended."
-- Choice
"Laurence Tancredi writes cogently in this fascinating, easy to read volume of the genetic basis of human behaviors."
-- Andrew E. Slaby, PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES
"Neuroscience is progressing extremely rapidly, and there is increasing interest in brain activity relevant to social cognition, addiction, gambling and reward. In this
--Kevin J. Black, PsycCritique
"Thinking entails noticing when we have allowed the instinct for binaries to keep us from the complexity of the phenomena at hand. In much of Hardwired Behavior, Tancredi helps us get over that instinct, and for that we should be grateful."
--- Erik Parsons, The Hastings Center
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